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On-line Access: 2021-04-12

Received: 2021-01-05

Revision Accepted: 2021-02-16

Crosschecked: 2021-03-11

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 ORCID:

Zhe-ming Tong

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1129-7439

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Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE A 2021 Vol.22 No.4 P.245-264

http://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.A2100006


Development of electric construction machinery in China: a review of key technologies and future directions


Author(s):  Zhe-ming Tong, Jia-zhi Miao, Yuan-song Li, Shui-guang Tong, Qian Zhang, Gui-rong Tan

Affiliation(s):  State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; more

Corresponding email(s):   tzm@zju.edu.cncetongsg@zju.edu.cn

Key Words:  Construction machinery (CM), Electric drive system, Battery management system (BMS), Energy recovery, Electrification


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Zhe-ming Tong, Jia-zhi Miao, Yuan-song Li, Shui-guang Tong, Qian Zhang, Gui-rong Tan. Development of electric construction machinery in China: a review of key technologies and future directions[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University Science A, 2021, 22(4): 245-264.

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Abstract: 
The issues of energy shortage and environmental pollution have accelerated the electrification of construction machinery (CM) industry globally. In China, the amount of electric construction machinery (ECM) has been growing across the industry. The sales of ECM are estimated to reach 600 000 vehicles by the end of 2025, while the total demand for battery power will reach 60 GWh. However, the development of ECM still faces critical challenges including reliable power supply and energy distribution among various components. In this review, we primarily focus on important technological breakthroughs and the difficulties faced by the CM industry in China. An overview of ECM including classification and characteristics is given at the beginning. Next, the selection of key components such as the electric motor and the energy storage units, and the control strategy in the pure electric drive system are discussed. The characteristics of the hybrid electric drive system such as structure design and power matching are analyzed in detail. The battery management system (BMS) is critical to ensure appropriate battery health for reliable power supply. Here, we extensively review technical developments in various BMSs. In addition, we roughly estimate the national total of CM emissions and the potential environmental benefits of employing ECMs in China. Finally, we set out future research directions and industrial development of ECM.

中(zhōng)國工(gōng)程機械電氣化發展的關鍵技術綜述

概要:能源短缺和環境污染問題加速了全球工(gōng)程機械行業的電氣化進程.在中(zhōng)國,整個行業内的電動工(gōng)程機械數量一(yī)直在快速增長.在未來5年内,電動工(gōng)程機械的銷量預計達到六十萬輛,對電池的整體(tǐ)需求将達到60 GWh.然而,工(gōng)程機械電氣化發展仍然面臨着嚴峻挑戰,其中(zhōng)包括可靠的電力供應和組件間能源分(fēn)配問題.本文主要讨論了中(zhōng)國工(gōng)程機械産業中(zhōng)的重大(dà)技術突破和面臨的挑戰.首先概述了電動工(gōng)程機械的分(fēn)類及其特點.其次,讨論了純電驅動系統中(zhōng)電動機、儲能單元等關鍵部件的選型及控制策略.詳細分(fēn)析了混合動力驅動系統的結構設計和動力匹配等技術特性.電池管理系統(BMS)對于确保電池處于适當的健康狀态并提供穩定的能源具有十分(fēn)重要的意義.在這裏,我(wǒ)們廣泛地總結了電池管理系統的發展進程.此外(wài),我(wǒ)們大(dà)緻估算了中(zhōng)國工(gōng)程機械的總排放(fàng)量以及采用電動工(gōng)程機械所帶來的潛在的環境效益.最後,闡述了電動工(gōng)程機械的未來研究方向和産業化發展前景.
關鍵詞:工(gōng)程機械;電力驅動系統;電池管理系統;能量回收;電氣化

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